Chemical Hazards

The most common chemical hazards in construction are solvents and flammables. Solvents are substances, usually liquid, that dissolve other substances. Flammables are common chemicals. They are liquids and gases that burn, release vapors, or even explode under what seem to be safe conditions.

Some Facts

• A spark, flame, or static electricity is present, many solvents can explode. Their upper and lower explosive limits tell you when an explosion is possible, and are listed on their Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs).

• Flammable gases and liquids bum at close to room temperature. (under 100 F), when they are near a spark, flame, or even static electricity. Flammables can also explode. Check MSDSs.

• You can irritate or damage skin, eyes, lungs, and other organs if your body absorbs too much toxic solvent.

It Really Happens

A Sacramento glass worker, was using a torch at his job without proper training or authorization from his employer. Unaware of the consequences of having sparks or flames near chemicals, he set the lighted torch next to a can of alcohol. An explosion occurred and the worker suffered severe burns to both arms.

Employer's Role

• Make employees aware of the potential hazards involving various chemicals stored or used in the workplace, such as acids, bases, caustics, epoxies, phenols, etc.

• Train employees in the handling practices of hazardous chemicals.

• Keep flammable or toxic chemicals in closed containers when not in use.

• Label all containers, such as vats, storage tanks, etc., as to their contents, e.g., "Caustics."

• Provide personal protective equipment whenever necessary, and require employees to use and maintain it.

Worker's Role

• Keep flammables away from fire and sparks. Never smoke, cut or weld around them.

• Know the location of the right kind of fire extinguisher for the chemical you're using. The wrong extinguisher can spread a fire.

• Never take shortcuts or unnecessary risks when working around chemicals. Wear the right personal protective equipment (PPE) for the job. Make sure it fits.

• Check to see that all containers are labeled. Read the MSDS before you begin a job using a chemical. Containers should be in good working order. Check caps, screens, valves, seals, and the containers themselves for leaks.

Discussing Chemical Hazards

• Should you ever mix flammables with other liquids?

• Do you know what kinds of chemicals are on the job site? Do you know what to do if you are exposed to one?

• How important is training when you are using chemicals or solvents? Is there anyone that can help you with them?

• What should you do if someone has inhaled or ingested a chemical or solvent? Do you know the symptoms from this?